Blog | Regency History

Weymouth Castle

On the cliff overlooking Portland Harbour, just a little way along the coast from Weymouth, stand the ruins of Sandsfoot Castle. The castle has been known by various names over the years – Weymouth Castle, Sandes Foot or Sandes Fort – but is now usually referred to as Sandsfoot Castle.

A Tudor blockhouse

Sandsfoot Castle was built as a Tudor blockhouse during the reign of Henry VIII in c1539-41 to protect the south coast of England from European invasion after Henry’s break with Rome. Its position high up on the cliff would have made it very visible to approaching ships, forcing them to plot a course much closer to Portland.

This would have put them in the firing line of Portland Castle, Sandsfoot’s sister castle, also built by Henry VIII, which would have been hidden until the ships were well into Portland Roads, that is, Portland Harbour.

The castle was governed by a series of governors and captains. It was part of the defensive network against the Spanish Armada and changed hands several times during the Civil War.

In 1665, when Humphrey Weld of Lulworth Castle was governor, the castle was removed from the military register. It was due to be slighted, that is, deliberately destroyed, to prevent it being used against the government, but for whatever reason, this never happened and the castle was simply abandoned.

View down to the beach from Sandsfoot Castle (2015)

What was the castle like?

Sandsfoot consisted of a rectangular, two-storey accommodation block with a storage area in the basement, a tower on the west end and a gun platform on the eastern side, overlooking the sea. Earthworks and ditches were added later to protect the castle from inland attack. The castle walls contained a number of decorated pieces of stone which probably came from nearby Bindon Abbey, just east of Wool.

Model of Sandsfoot Castle on display in Weymouth Museum (2014)

Sandsfoot Castle as a ruin

By 1725, Sandsfoot Castle had become a ruin. Since 1691, stone had been robbed from the walls for use elsewhere. Some was probably used in the building of the Weymouth town bridge in 1712.

The royal coat of arms carved in stone was removed from the castle in 1825 and is now over the south door of All Saints Church, Wyke Regis.

Royal coat of arms from Sandsfoot Castle in All Saints Church, Wyke Regis (2015)

But the castle’s biggest enemy was the sea. Even during its active service, regular repairs had been necessary to prevent it falling into the sea, but once abandoned, nothing was done to protect it from its fate.

In 1837, most of the gun platform collapsed onto the beach, but sea erosion slowed down after 1849 when the new Portland Harbour breakwater was created.

A Georgian visitor attraction

Sandsfoot Castle, Weymouth, from an antique print © Andrew & Rachel Knowles

Sandsfoot Castle attracted artists and other visitors to its picturesque ruins, looking out over the sea. It was described in Delamotte’s The Weymouth Guide (1785):

Weymouth Castle, called also Sandes Foot, or Sandes Fort, stands a miles S. W. of the town, on a high cliff, almost opposite Portland Castle, and commands the Bay. It was built by King Henry VIII. Leland calls it “a right goodly and warlyke castle, having one open barbicane”. Its form is a parallelogram, or long square, and was faced with square stone, now all carried away.

At the north end was a tower, on which were the arms of England, supported by a wyvern and unicorn: the north part seems to have been the Governor's apartment, which is all vaulted; the south front is semicircular, and said to have been the gun room: before it, on the south, was formerly a platform for cannon.

On the east is the remains of a small gate, and a deep trench surrounds the whole, except on the south: the walls were thick and lofty when entire; and though it was not large, must have been a beautiful structure. It seems to have been neglected since the Restoration.

In 1631, George Bamfield had a grant of the office of Custos [ie Guardian] of Sandsfoot Castle, during pleasure: and in 1640, Nathaniel Speccot, Knight, was made Custos for life. After the restoration, Humphrey Weld, of Lulworth Castle, was Governor for many years. 1

Sandsfoot Castle from *The Lady's Magazine* (Aug 1789)

The Lady’s Magazine (1789) wrote:

Weymouth Castle, called also Sandes Foot, or Fort, stands a mile south-west of the town on a high cliff, almost opposite Portland Castle, and commands the bay. It was built by king Henry VIII. Leland calls it ‘a right goodly and warlyke castle, having one open barbicane’. Its form is a parallelogram, or long square stone, now all carried away. At the north end was a tower on which were the arms of England, supported by a wyvern and unicorn: the north part seems to have been the governor’s apartment, which was vaulted: the south front is semi-circular, and said to have been the gun-room: before it, on the south, was formerly a platform for cannon. On the east is the remains of a small gate, and a deep trench surrounds the whole, except on the south. The walls were lofty and thick when entire; and though it was not large, it must have been a beautiful structure. It seems to have been neglected since the Reformation. 2

Harvey’s Improved Weymouth Guide (1800) was more succinct:

At a small distance from hence is an old ruin called Weymouth, or Sandsfoot Castle, the remains of which are well worth seeing: from this Castle along the sands leading to the ferry house, when tide is out may be justly deemed a pleasing healthful excursion, it being quite level and as smooth as a bowling green. 3

Part of Sandsfoot Castle showing some old graffiti (2015)

The later years

In 1902, the castle was bought by the Weymouth Corporation for £150, but it had to be closed to the public in 1930 because the structure had become unsafe. Tudor style gardens were added in 1931 and in 1953 it became a Scheduled Monument and Grade II* Listed Building. The final part of the gun room collapsed in 1954.

The Castle was stabilised and repaired by the Friends of Rodwell Trail and Sandsfoot Castle in conjunction with Weymouth & Portland Borough Council and reopened to the public in 2012.

Sadly, Sandsfoot Castle was once again closed to the public in 2021, because widening cracks made it unsafe. It is now enclosed by metal railings, but below are some more images from when it was open to the public.

Sandsfoot Castle, Weymouth, with Portland Harbour in the background (2015)

View over Portland Harbour from Sandsfoot Castle (2015)

Rachel Knowles writes faith-based Regency romance and historical non-fiction. She has been sharing her research on this blog since 2011. Rachel lives in the beautiful Georgian seaside town of Weymouth, Dorset, on the south coast of England, with her husband, Andrew, who co-writes this blog.

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Notes

The Weymouth Guide by Peter Delamotte (1785).
The Lady’s Magazine or Entertaining Companion for the Fair Sex, Appropriated Solely to Their Use and Amusement (1789).
Harvey's Improved Weymouth Guide (1800).

Sources used include:

Delamotte, Peter, The Weymouth Guide (1785)

Friends of Rodwell Trail & Sandsfoot Castle, Sandsfoot Castle (2014)

Harvey, John, Harvey's Improved Weymouth Guide (1800)

The Lady’s Magazine or Entertaining Companion for the Fair Sex, Appropriated Solely to Their Use and Amusement (1789)

Turner, JMW, Picturesque Views on the southern coast of England, from drawings made principally by JMW Turner and engraved by WB Cooke and others (1826)

Sandsfoot Castle and the Rodwell Trail website

Sandsfoot Castle, Weymouth, Dorset